Banks ka itihaas bahut prachin hai aur yah aaj ke samay mein hamare arthik jeevan ka ek mahatvapoorn hissa hai. Bank ek aisa sansthaan hai jo paise ki raksha, sanrakshan aur vikas ko prabhavit karta hai. Bharat ki arthik aur samajik itihaas mein bankon ka vyapak aur pratishthit sthan hai.
Bankon ki vyavastha ki shuruat prachin kal se hi ho gayi thi. Prarambh mein, vyaktigat aur pariwarik taal mel ki prakriya ke roop mein banking ka vyavahar hua karta tha. Is samay tak, vyakti apne dhan aur maal ke suraksha aur vikas ke liye khud hi zimmedar the. Bankon ki prakriya samajik samuh ko sahayata pradan karne ke liye prabhavi hoti thi.
Bankon ka vikas aur vyapar pranali mein samarthan hone ke baad, unka roopantaran hua. Prathamikata vyakti dwara rakha gaya dhanik suraksha se saath hi sampatti aur property ke suraksha par aaya. Is ke parinaamswarup, vyakti aur samaj ki avashyaktaon ke anuroop naye bank ke roop mein institution ka vikas hua.
Banking ka sabse prachin udaharan ka praacheen Roomein milta hai, jahan par “argentarii” naam ke vyakti dhanik suraksha, udhar aur vypaar pradaan karte the. Vartamaan ki tarah un mein bank ke adhikaarikarit ke rang ka sangraha nahi tha, lekin safeeyat aur dhanik striman ki suvidha uplabdh hoti thi.
Bankon ki vyavastha ki vikas ke saath hi, unki vishesh upyogita vyapariyon, kisanon aur sadharan logon ke liye bhi badhti gayi. Yeh sansthaon suvidha pradaan karte the jaise maal ke suraksha, santulan rakhna, udhar aur deposit pradaan karna. In sabhi karyon ka ek nishchit prakriya ke tahat hona avashyak tha.
Vartamaan ki tarah, bankon ka ek pramukh uddeshya hai vyaktigat aur vyavasayik udhar pradaan karna. Bank udhar dene aur udhar lene ke madhyam se arthik pragati ko badhava dete hain. Bankon ke madhyam se, vyakti aur vyavasayik vyakti apne bhavishya ko sudharne ke liye paise ka istemal kar sakte hain.
Bankon ki vyavastha mein vishesh sudhar tab hua jab modern banking pranali ne vikas kiya. Is pranali mein, bank uniform karobaar standard ka palan karte hain. Iske alava, bankon ke aay aur kharch se sambandhit niyamit karyakram bhi pure ho gaye. Modern banking ne bankon ki prabhavshali evam sudridh vyavastha ki neev rakhi.
Bharat mein bhi banking ka vikas prachin kal se hi hua hai. Prarambhik roop se, Bharat mein banking ka karya dharmik evam rajnaitik vyavastha se juda hua tha. Jain, Vaishya aur Bramhan samaj mein “shreni” ke roop mein banking ka vyavahar prachalit tha. Ismein vyakti apne dhan ki raksha ke pariwarik aur samajik utpaadon se judh sakta tha.
Aur fir, British aay ke saath, angrezi bankon ka prabhav Bharat mein bhi badhne laga. British sarkar ke dawara, Bank of Bengal (1806), Bank of Bombay (1840), aur Bank of Madras (1839) ki sthaapna ki gayi. Yah bank aaj ke State Bank of India ke roop mein viksit hue. Iske baad anek swatantrata andolanon ke dauran, National Bank ka vikas hua.
Bharat mein bankon ka vikas badhta gaya aur unka vyapar aur vyavasaya aur bhi pragati prapt karta gaya. Isi tarah ke prakram se, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) bhi sthapit hua, jo Bharat ki mukhya bank hai aur desh ki arthik neetiyo ka palan karti hai. RBI desh ki mukhya bank ke roop mein mukhya bank ke adhikariyon ki chayanit karke, dhanik prabhav ko rokne aur niyantrit karne ki jimmedari uthata hai.
Aaj, Bharat mein bankon ka vikas kai dishaon mein dekha ja sakta hai. Digital banking ke aagman ke baad, bankon ki vyavastha aur bhi saral aur accessible ho gayi hai. Online banking, mobile apps aur ATM se log aasani se apne khate par paise jama kar sakte hain aur pratyek den ke karya samay par kar sakte hain. Iske alava, bankon ne mudra-nirmiti aur mudra-vinimay mein bhi agrasar kiya hai.
Banking ka itihaas prachin hai aur aaj ke samay mein bharat aur anya deshon mein bankon ka mahatva astitva hai. Bankon ki vyavastha desh ki arthavyavastha, vyapar evam nivesh ko prabhavit karne ke sath-sath samajik evam sanskritik roop se bhi gahra mark rahe hain. Aise mein, bankon ke itihaas aur unki mahatva ko samajhna avashyak hai taki ham is suvidha ka sahi upyog kar sakein aur arthik unnati mein yogdan kar sakein.
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